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Gilsonite (uintaite) is a natural hydrocarbon substance of the class known as asphaltites (see Asphalt), occurring as a coal-like solid which is mined much like other minerals and sold essentially in its native state.
The only commercially important deposits of gilsonite in the world are located in the Iran, in the west of Iran. From a point 6-8 km within Gilane Gharb, the area involved extends westward about 100 km into Ghasreshirin. Gilsonite occurs in veins varying in width from a few centimeters to 6 m. Elsewhere in Kermanshah, minor deposits of a gilsonite like material have been reported in Khoramabad and Lorestan province.
Extended geological work in the PUB (Pars Universal Bitumen) Gilsonite leaves little doubt that the source material was the tremendous oil shale deposits of the contiguous territory, which is further confirmed by certain similarities in the composition of the hydrocarbons involved, ie, both gilsonite and shale oil have a nitrogen content much higher than petroleum oils in general.
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